It is the most common and is present in many Yoruba traditions, such as Apala, Jùjú, Sekere and Afrobeat. In the rare case that it results in two possible readings, disambiguation is left to the context. Leave a reply. [9] According to the Kay Williamson Scale, the following is the degree of relationship between Itsekiri and other Yoruboid dialects, using a compiled word list of the most common words. L: ó bẹ̀ [ó bɛ̀] 'he asks for pardon'; ọ̀kọ̀ [ɔ̀kɔ̀] 'spear'. The vast majority of this population is from Nigeria, where the Yoruba make up 21% of the country's population making them one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. The North-West Yoruba dialects show more linguistic innovation than the Southeast and Central dialects. In some cases, the phonetic realization of these vowels is noticeably different from what the symbol suggests: H: ó bẹ́ [ó bɛ́] 'he jumped'; síbí [síbí] 'spoon', M: ó bẹ [ó bɛ̄] 'he is forward'; ara [āɾā] 'body'. Yoruba (èdè Yorùb á ... North-West Yoruba is historically a part of the Ọy ọ empire. In Benin, Yoruba uses a different orthography. : How old are you? "Yoruba...written in a version of the Arabic script known as Ajami (or Ajamiyya). Yorùbá Lessons with Adérónké̩. Yoruba vocabulary is also used in the Afro-Brazilian religion known as Candomblé, in the Caribbean religion of Santería in the form of the liturgical Lucumí language and various Afro-American religions of North America. Yoruba / ˈ j ɒr ʊ b ə / (Yor. Yoruba /ˈjɒrʊbə/[2] (Yor. In other cases, its place of articulation is homorganic with the following consonant: ó ń lọ [ó ń lɔ̄] 'he is going', ó ń fò [ó ḿ fò] 'he is jumping'. The only diacritic used was a dot below certain vowels to signify their open variants [ɛ] and [ɔ], viz. In such cases, the tone of the elided vowel is retained: àdìrò → ààrò 'hearth'; koríko → koóko 'grass'; òtító → òótó 'truth'. Asubiaro Toluwase, in his 2014 paper,[21] points out that the use of these diacritics can affect the retrieval of Yoruba documents by popular search engines. noun /naʊn/ werkwoord, naamwoord grammatika . Literary Yoruba, also known as Standard Yoruba, Yoruba koiné, and common Yoruba, is a separate member of the dialect cluster. Most funding opportunities are only available from external grant bodies and agencies — few come from within the continent. The current orthography of Yoruba derives from a 1966 report of the Yoruba Orthography Committee, along with Ayọ Bamgboṣe's 1965 Yoruba Orthography, a study of the earlier orthographies and an attempt to bring Yoruba orthography in line with actual speech as much as possible. The Joint Admissions & Matriculation Board, JAMB Syllabus for Yoruba Language is now readily available online for candidates that wish to check the topics they are required to read and the recommended texts. When it precedes a vowel, it is a velar nasal [ŋ]: n ò lọ [ŋ ò lɔ̄] 'I didn't go'. Serial verb constructions are common, as in many other languages of West Africa. [citation needed] Standard Yoruba, the variety learned at school and used in the media, has nonetheless been a powerful consolidating factor in the emergence of a common Yoruba identity. Though we have written about names and pictures of Animals in Yoruba in the past article but according to Yoruba adage meaning “Knowledge has no end”, we included corrections as pointed out by a “Professor of Yoruba Language”. It is a pluricentric language spoken principally in Nigeria and Benin, with communities in other parts of Africa, Europe, and the Americas. I doubt your instructor would be expecting a commercial grade product from you. The number of speakers of Yoruba is estimated between 30 and 40 million, primarily by the ethnic Yoruba people. [11] In contrast to NWY, lineage and descent are largely multilineal and cognatic, and the division of titles into war and civil is unknown. In other cases, its place of articulation is homorganic with the following consonant: ó ń lọ [ó ń lɔ̄] 'he is going', ó ń fò [ó ḿ fò] 'he is jumping'. There are . In many publications the line is replaced by a dot ⟨ẹ⟩, ⟨ọ⟩, ⟨ṣ⟩. Many of the spatial relational terms are historically related to body-part terms. [26] More than two nouns can be juxtaposed: rélùweè abẹ́ ilẹ̀ (railway underground) 'underground railway', inú àpótí aṣọ 'the inside of the clothes box'. Because the use of Standard Yoruba did not result from some deliberate linguistic policy, much controversy exists as to what constitutes 'genuine Yoruba', with some writers holding the opinion that the Ọyọ dialect is the most "pure" form, and others stating that there is no such thing as genuine Yoruba at all. en (grammar) A word that can be used to refer to a person, animal, place, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality, or idea; one of the basic parts of speech in many languages, including English. text translation in English-Yoruba dictionary. The Yoruba alphabet was standardized along with other Benin languages in the National Languages Alphabet by the National Language Commission in 1975, and revised in 1990 and 2008 by the National Center for Applied Linguistics. For the assistance of non-Yoruba speakers but who are curious, we have included the pronunciation in picture slides in Part 1. It is usually referred to as the unpleasant word for Friday, Ẹtì, which means failure, laziness, or abandonment. Se mole kọ pẹlu ẹ? In other words, it often seems to be the case in register tone language like Yoruba that tonal options on individual syllables are constrained by word patterns. yo Yoruba . Therefore, their omission can have a significant impact on online research. Orúkọ ẹ̀yà ara ṣe pàtàkì lati mọ nípa kíkọ́ èdè nítorí ó ma nwà nínú ọ̀rọ̀. Written Yoruba includes diacritical marks not available on conventional computer keyboards, requiring some adaptations. Ọdẹ́tókun, A . Yoruba / ˈ j ɒr ʊ b ə / (Yor. sounds of a language. The rhotic consonant is realized as a flap [ɾ] or, in some varieties (notably Lagos Yoruba), as the alveolar approximant [ɹ]. Yoruba Reading. If yes, don’t hesitate to share them with others by sending it to admin@myschoolgist.com. In particular, the use of the sub dots and tone marks are not represented, so many Yoruba documents simply omit them. You could probably get away with tagging just the major parts of speech (nouns, pronouns, verbs, auxiliaries, infinitives, etc). Adelabu, a Ph D graduate from Damascus cited—among many other common usages—the following words to be Yoruba's derivatives of Arabic vocabularies:[28][better source needed]. In NWY dialects, Proto-Yoruba /gh/ (the velar fricative [ɣ]) and /gw/ have merged into /w/; the upper vowels /i ̣/ and /ụ/ were raised and merged with /i/ and /u/, just as their nasal counterparts, resulting in a vowel system with seven oral and three nasal vowels. YORUBA LAGBA EYA!!!!! Teach Yourself Yoruba. 1. Many of the spatial relational terms are historically related to body-part terms. The bare verb stem denotes a completed action, often called perfect; tense and aspect are marked by preverbal particles such as ń 'imperfect/present continuous', ti 'past'. A similarity of 100% would mean a total overlap of two dialects, while similarity of 0 would mean two speech areas that have absolutely no relationship. Settlements of early Yoruba speakers are assumed to correspond to those found in the wider Niger area from about the 4th century BC, especially at Ife. The number of Yoruba speakers is estimated at between 45 and 55 million. Lack of adequate support from government agencies and other organizations is a setback to the revival efforts by language and cultural heritage activists. The sentence n̄ ò lọ (I didn't go) provides examples of the three syllable types: Standard Yoruba has seven oral and five nasal vowels. Èdè Yorùbá) is a language spoken in West Africa and most prominently South western Nigeria. Part of speech tagging (POS tagging) has a vital role in different fields of natural language processing (NLP) including machine translation, (Rabbi et al 2009:1). Yoruba Syllabus from JAMB. [22] In fact, since syllables in Yoruba normally end in a vowel, and most nouns start with one, it is a very common phenomenon, and it is absent only in very slow, unnatural speech. Machine learning algorithm. In Benin, Yoruba uses a different orthography. Nitotọ àti ṣe ẹ̀yà orí tẹlẹ ṣugbọn a lérò wípé orúkọ gbogbo ẹ̀yà ara lati orí dé ẹsẹ á wúlò fún kíkà. Use * for blank tiles (max 2) Advanced Search Advanced Search: Use * for blank spaces Advanced Search: Advanced Word Finder: See Also in English. [16] Orthographically, nasal vowels are normally represented by an oral vowel symbol followed by ⟨n⟩ (⟨in⟩, ⟨un⟩, ⟨ẹn⟩, ⟨ọn⟩), except in case of the [n] allophone of /l/ (see below) preceding a nasal vowel: inú 'inside, belly' is actually pronounced [īnṹ].[17]. Still largely similar to the older orthography, it employs the Latin alphabet modified by the use of the digraph ⟨gb⟩ and certain diacritics, including the traditional vertical line set under the letters ⟨e̩⟩, ⟨o̩⟩, and ⟨s̩⟩. The linguistic unity of the Niger-Congo family dates to deep prehistory, estimates ranging around 15 kya (the end of the Upper Paleolithic). The emergence of a plural of respect may have prevented the coalescence of the two in NWY dialects. In many publications the line is replaced by a dot ⟨ẹ⟩, ⟨ọ⟩, ⟨ṣ⟩. rising or falling tone melodies) are usually analyzed as separate tones occurring on adjacent tone bearing units (morae) and thus have no phonemic status. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). The tone is the pillar of the Yoruba language. Examples: When teaching Yoruba literacy, solfège names of musical notes are used to name the tones: low is do, mid is re, and high is mi.[20]. Plural nouns are indicated by a plural word.[24]. Every syllable bears one of the three tones: high ⟨◌́⟩, mid ⟨◌̄⟩ (generally left unmarked), and low ⟨◌̀⟩. Yoruba has an extensive body of literature. In this case, a caron ⟨ˇ⟩ is used for the rising tone (so the previous example would be written ⟨ǒ⟩) and a circumflex ⟨ˆ⟩ for the falling tone. The native tongue of the Yoruba people is spoken, among other languages, in Nigeria, Benin, and Togo and in communities in other parts of Africa, Europe and the Americas. The Latin letters ⟨c⟩, ⟨q⟩, ⟨v⟩, ⟨x⟩, ⟨z⟩ are not used. Standard Yoruba has its origin in the 1850s, when The Joint Admissions & Matriculation Board, JAMB Syllabus for Yoruba Language is now readily available online for candidates that wish to check the topics they are required to read and the recommended texts. [10] Clear boundaries cannot be drawn, peripheral areas of dialectal regions often having some similarities to adjoining dialects. The parts of speech that are attested in Yoruba include Verbs, nouns, adjectives, prepositions. et al. The tone is the pillar of the Yoruba language. [8] In present-day Nigeria, it is estimated that there are over 40 million Yoruba primary and secondary language speakers as well as several other millions of speakers outside Nigeria, making it the most widely spoken African language outside of the continent. [26] More than two nouns can be juxtaposed: rélùweè abẹ́ ilẹ̀ (railway underground) 'underground railway', inú àpótí aṣọ 'the inside of the clothes box'. Spoken by the ethnic Yoruba people, The number of speakers of Yoruba is estimated at between 45 and 55 million. ", Several authors have argued that the mid-tone is. Yoruba is a tonal language with three-level tones: high, low, and mid (the default tone). Plural nouns are indicated by a plural word.[24]. It is the written form of the language, the standard variety learned at school and that spoken by newsreaders on the radio. It is a pluricentric language spoken principally in Nigeria and Benin, w See also Ward 1952:123–133 ('Chapter XI: Abbreviations and Elisions'). Yoruba /ˈjɒrʊbə/ (Yor. University of London Press: London. The Yoruba people (Yoruba: Ìran Yorùbá) are an ethnic group that inhabits western Africa, mainly Nigeria, Benin, Togo and part of Ghana.The Yoruba constitute around 47 million people worldwide. Yoruba is classified among the Edekiri languages, which together with Itsekiri and the isolate Igala form the Yoruboid group of languages within the Volta–Niger branch of the Niger–Congo family. BBC Yorùbá bẹ̀rẹ̀ ètò tuntun ti a pè ní 'Olówe m'òwe' ni èyì tía o fi máa ṣe àtúpalẹ̀ àwọn òwe kí èdè Yorùbá má parun. The status of a fifth nasal vowel, [ã], is controversial. Kí ni ká wá sọ nípa àwùjọ ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ tó ní èdè tiwọn lónìí?èdè tiwọn lónìí? (See also the section, This widely followed classification is based on Adetugbọ's (1982) dialectological study; the classification originated in his 1967 Ph.D. thesis. Yoruba Paper 2 (Essay) – November 2007; Do you have any other past question(s) other than the ones listed here? language translation in English-Yoruba dictionary. ⟨ṣ⟩ represents a postalveolar consonant [ʃ] like the English ⟨sh⟩, ⟨y⟩ represents a palatal approximant like English ⟨y⟩, and ⟨j⟩ a voiced palatal stop [ɟ], as is common in many African orthographies. Phonology is the speech . The diacritic underneath vowels indicates an open vowel, pronounced with the root of the tongue retracted (so ⟨ẹ⟩ is pronounced [ɛ̙] and ⟨ọ⟩ is [ɔ̙]). However, in a speech or sentence, we can modify these identification tones by changing them to some other tone as given above. Owólabí, K. (1989). [4][5][6][7], As the principal Yoruboid language, Yoruba is most closely related to the languages Itsekiri (spoken in the Niger Delta) and Igala (spoken in central Nigeria).[1]. Examples: When teaching Yoruba literacy, solfège names of musical notes are used to name the tones: low is do, mid is re, and high is mi.[20]. Èdè Mi is for everyone who wants to learn Yorùbá language including children, , … Though we have written about names and pictures of Animals in Yoruba in the past article but according to Yoruba adage meaning “Knowledge has no end”, we included corrections as pointed out by a “Professor of Yoruba Language”. The number of Yoruba speakers is estimated at between 45 and 55 million. Because the use of Standard Yoruba did not result from some deliberate linguistic policy, much controversy exists as to what constitutes 'genuine Yoruba', with some writers holding the opinion that the Ọyọ dialect is the most "pure" form, and others stating that there is no such thing as genuine Yoruba at all. Èdè Yorùbá ) is a language spoken in West Africa and most prominently South western Nigeria. Fonölöjì. Recommended: WAEC Syllabus For Yoruba. Notably, it lacks the common voiceless bilabial stop /p/ so /k͡p/ is written as ⟨p⟩. The orthography here follows speech in that word divisions are normally not indicated in words that are contracted as a result of assimilation or elision: ra ẹja → rẹja 'buy fish'. Ẹ̀KỌ́ ÈDÈ YORÙBÁ Friday, November 19, 2010. There are no diphthongs in Yoruba; sequences of vowels are pronounced as separate syllables. South-East Yoruba was probably associated with the expansion of the Benin Empire after c. [29][better source needed] Ultimately, the standard words for the days of the week are Àìkú, Ajé, Ìṣẹ́gun, Ọjọ́rú, Ọjọ́bọ, Ẹtì, Àbámẹ́ta, for Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday respectively. Your Yoruba Reading then the page below should help results in two possible,... Á́ tún jẹ ki èdè Yorùbá ( 1 ): Fónẹ́tíìkì àti Fọ ọ́... Benin, w Yoruba /ˈjɒrʊbə/ [ 3 ] ( Yor setback to the revival efforts by and! Assistance of non-Yoruba speakers but who are curious, we have included the pronunciation picture... Had been used to avoid the mark being fully covered by an underline can! To say the different parts of your body in Yoruba language spoken in West Africa and most South! Tones in Yoruba… èdè Mi `` my language '' is a language spoken in West.... Diacritic used was a dot ⟨ẹ⟩, ⟨ọ⟩, ⟨ṣ⟩ Yoruba dialects show more linguistic innovation than the and! Language with three-level tones: high, low, and mid ( the default tone ) language! Had an impact both on written and spoken Yoruba several authors have argued that the mid-tone.. Syllable must have at least one tone ; a syllable containing a long vowel can have two tones Fasiti! Uniquely to provide an easy to use platform for medical practitioners introduction Yorùbá ( 1 ) Fónẹ́tíìkì. Doubt your instructor would be expecting a commercial grade product from you will try best. Their open variants [ ɛ ] and [ ɔ ], is controversial ìfẹ́ kọ! 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