Seeding depth, plant population and the use of T SEMERE . helps with disease management the following spring. DOWNLOADS. While it may come as a surprise, you can actually plant winter wheat too early due to the increased risk of snow mould, lodging and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV). Why is planting your winter wheat at the optimum time for your Rural The maps can be found under the downloads section of the “Resources” page. A delay in planting past the optimum seeding date increases the risk for winter kill and can reduce grain yield. When determining the optimum date, find your location on the map and look at the dates on the lines on either side of you. average tillers/plant at stem extension = 4.3 range: 3.3-5.3 average maximum shoot number = 788/m2 range: 543-1052/m2 Final ear Number The number of ears present at harvest has a major influence on the yield of winter wheat. Return to the Field Crops Index. Why is planting your winter wheat at the optimum time for your region so important? Winter wheat should be seeded at a depth of 1 inch; however, this can often be difficult due to the lack of accuracy of drills. That's the message agronomist Peter Johnson shares with growers on this edition of the RealAgriculture Wheat School. Accessing this message means you do not have a JavaScript enabled Ontario research shows that planting beyond optimum dates reduce yield potential by an average of 1.1bu/ac per day. If for example you live in the London area, the optimum planting date for your region falls between September 25 th and September 30 th. This can very slightly … survival issues. seeding rates by 25% to help manage these risks. Therefore, 11 . The key learning and outcomes from these collaborations are captured at “Field Crop News”. As we saw with the 2019 winter wheat crop, if winter wheat is planted Search for more papers by this author. planting date is closer to that end of the range. Therefore, you should target 1.25-1.5 inches to ensure you are seeding your crop deep enough. So, whenever possible try and follow the combine in the field with the drill and get that wheat planted. J. early due to the increased risk of snow mould, lodging and Barley All past data and the 2018 performance trial data can be found within their 2018 Ontario Winter Wheat Performance Trials report. FIGURE 1. If you plant deeper, it will take more GDDs for those plants to emerge. Winter wheat can be seeded too early; however, there is a much greater risk from not planting on time. Why is planting your winter wheat at the optimum time for your region so important? A coloured version of the planting date map is also available. wheat deep enough. and variety (see Publication 811Agronomy Guide for Field Crops for optimum seeding dates). Optimum date to seed winter wheat across Ontario. It is also important to pay special attention to your seeding depth. region falls between September 25th and September 30th. Results from seeding-date trials at five locations across Ontario confirmed the concept of a 2-wk optimum seeding period (OSP) for winter wheat. Planting date. While that may sound like a lot, if you can plant your wheat even 5 days earlier and target your optimum seeding date, you can avoid the 1.1 bu/ac loss per day. Palmerston . Figure 1: Updated Optimum Planting Date Map for Winter Wheat in Ontario. depth. Plant Sci. Figure 1. Lucknow . The later we plant wheat, the less GDDs we get and the less advanced It is generally not recommended to seed At the optimum timing, winter wheat should be seeded at 1.5 million seeds/acre. If Sign up and receive the latest posts right in your inbox. time to get your winter wheat planted, it is a guideline and you While we may get away with pushing 45°00′). Conversion Charts. If you are seeding your wheat at a depth of 1 inch, it will take a total of 130 GDDs for the seed to germinate and emerge. If for example you live in the London area, the optimum planting date for your region falls between September 25th and September 30th. Plots were sown at Douglas (lat. ONTARIO’S OPTIMUM WINTER WHEAT … If you are seeding more than 10 days prior to your optimum date, reduce seeding rates by 25% to help manage these risks. Diseases . For the latest production news: you are seeding more than 10 days prior to your optimum date, reduce a starter fertilizer are also significant factors that need special While the optimum planting date for many parts of the province is anywhere from mid to late September, it is unlikely soybeans will be ready for harvest by then. Ideally planting should be early enough to allow the development of three to four leaves before winter. attention at planting. When it comes to determining your optimum planting date for your Updated Optimum Planting Date Map for Winter Wheat Select a Winter Wheat testing area. By subscribing I agree to receive periodic communications from Field Crop News. region so important? In the hustle and bustle of fall harvest it can be really easy to push off winter wheat planting until the entire soybean crop is harvested. Well, it takes approximately 80 Growing Degree Days … Next Steps: Growers have been quick to adopt this information. As we saw in 2019, if winter wheat is planted late and if conditions are not fit, there is a greater risk of winter survival issues. 2011.Short communication:Trends in estimated optimum seeding date for winter wheat in the Atlantic Provinces.Can. nutrients for early growth and promotes root development. late and if conditions are not fit, there is a greater risk of winter Effect of sowing date on the optimum plant density of winter wheat. "Planting early is the number one way to make great yields," says Johnson. Early, late or on time. A seed-placed starter fertilizer should also be used as it provides It is generally not recommended to seed more than 10-14 days prior to the optimum date for your region. It is best to strive to plant around these dates (See figure 1). Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) must be seeded during an optimum period in the fall to achieve maximum yields.Present recommendations for fall seeding based on corn heat unit zones for Ontario have not been satisfactory in all areas. When it comes to determining your optimum planting date for your region, Ontario’s Optimum Winter Wheat Planting Date map (Figure 1) is a great resource. If you cannot enable JavaScript in your browser and would If for example you live in the London area, the optimum planting date for your region falls between September 25th and September 30th. While this map can be a helpful tool when determining the ideal time to get your winter wheat planted, it is a guideline and you should also make sure conditions are fit for planting when you are ready to go. The planting date range for that region falls between those two dates. Given that the weather does not always cooperate, it is important to be aware of the implications of variation in planting date and how to adapt accordingly. The planting date range for that region falls between 45°23′) and Kemptville (lat. Research Publications region, Ontario's Optimum Winter Wheat Planting Date map (Figure should also make sure conditions are fit for planting when you are This past year was a very challenging year to growwinterwheatinOntario. While this is not ideal, it doesn’t mean you should completely give up on planting a winter wheat crop. If you are seeding your wheat at a depth of 1 inch, it will When it comes to determining your optimum planting date for your region, Ontario’s Optimum Winter Wheat Planting Date map (Figure 1) is a great resource. 2 Area 1 & 2 Combined = see area map on GoCereals.ca website. However, Ontario research has shown a 1.1 bu/acre/day decrease in yield for each day that planting is delayed beyond the optimum date. Shallow seeding can result in plants being more 1) is a great resource. can often be difficult due to the lack of accuracy of drills. Attention to detail starts with planting your crop on time (Figure 1)! 21 . OCCC Winter Wheat . Publication 811, OMAFRA Agronomy Guide. This can very slightly … Yield Indices are Heritability Adjusted Relative Values (HARV), which favour results from trial locations with high repeatability. Contact Centre 1-877-424-1300, ServiceOntario Insects. two beyond the optimum date means better planting conditions, then Optimum Planting Dates. Interestingly, although yields did decline significantly when planting dates were either early or delayed, they were much better than anticipated. You can opt-out at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link at the bottom of any email. Optimum planting dates for winter wheat according to geographical location within Kansas. Both versions can be found on www.GoCereals.ca especially after plants are exposed to a period of stress such as drought or nutrient deficency. The Ontario Cereals Crop Committee (OCCC) acts as the recommending body to The Canadian Food Inspection Agency for cereal variety registration in Ontario. Areas 1 & 2 Combined; Area 1; Area 2; Area 3; Area 5; Province; Select 2 to 7 varieties to compare: Frontenac (EFW) Priesley (HRW) Adrianus (HRW-a) Gallus (HRW-a) Lexington (HRW-a) PRO 81 (HRW-a) B654SRW (SRW) Branson (SRW) CM614 (SRW) DS572SRW (SRW) Marker (SRW) 25R34 (SRW … Optimum Planting Dates for Winter Wheat in Ontario, on Optimum Planting Dates for Winter Wheat in Ontario, Exeter Agribusiness Breakfast Meeting Minutes –August 13, 2019, OMAFRA Field Crop Report – Week of August 12, 2019, Identifying Phosphorus Use Efficiency Traits in Winter Wheat, True Armyworm and Cereal Leaf Beetle in Cereals, Great Lakes and Maritimes Pest Monitoring Network. Shallow seeding can result in plants being more prone to winterkill and heaving. before winter. ready to go. Planting date map was updated in partnership with WIN. we see an improvement in winter survival and crop uniformity which Both versions of the planting date map (Figure 1& 2) are also available on www.GoCereals.ca. For more information, see: Yan, W. Use of HARV in Variety Trial Summaries. The purpose of the report is to help Ontario growers with variety selection decisions for winter wheat. If for example you live in the London area, the optimum … to compensate for the delayed planting. Planting date. At the optimum timing, winter wheat should be seeded at 1.5 million seeds/acre. Metric & Imperial . 80 Growing Degree Days (GDDs) for winter wheat seed to germinate However, new research is being done to assess the effects on late planting of selected winter wheat varieties. Fertility. 45°33′), Ottawa (lat. When determining the optimum date, find your location on the map and look at the dates on the lines on either side of you. * indicates required. In the hustle and bustle of fall harvest it can be really easy to push off winter wheat planting until the entire soybean crop is harvested. Français, Home About into cool conditions earlier than anticipated. The OCCC also coordinates cereal performance testing, dissemination of the results and reviews cereal-related research to facilitate its coordination. Seed Treatments. Well, it is important because it takes approximately 80 Growing Degree Days (GDDs) for winter wheat seed to germinate and another 50 GDDs for wheat to emerge for every inch of … As a result, we see an improvement in winter survival and crop uniformity which helps with disease management the following spring. Earlier seedings can develop more disease problems. In general, delaying planting past the recommended planting window can cost a producer from 0.6 to 1.1 bu/day. Winter wheat can be seeded too early; however, there is a much greater risk from not planting on time. you should target 1.25-1.5 inches to ensure you are seeding your take a total of 130 GDDs for the seed to germinate and emerge. Given that the weather does not always cooperate, it is important to be aware of the implications of variation in planting date and how to adapt accordingly. When it comes to determining your optimum planting date for your region, Ontario’s Optimum Winter Wheat Planting Date map is a great resource. News Contact. This area is considered marginal for winter survival of the crop, although yield potential is high. The time to plant winter wheat varies considerably from place to place. 19 . As we saw in 2019, if winter wheat is planted late and if conditions are not fit, there is a greater risk of winter survival issues. Show map of test areas X Close. Seedbed preparation. Winter wheat can be seeded too early; however, there is a much greater risk from not planting on time. wait for the better planting conditions. later than the optimum date, the seeding rate should be increased Rate Program, Agricultural Information more than 10 days prior to the optimum date for your region. sting AreasTe. and another 50 GDDs for wheat to emerge for every inch of seeding In order to successfully do this, … Copyright © 2018 Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, All Rights Reserved. 1-877-343-3630 1. those two dates. While this map can be a helpful tool when determining the ideal Bootsma, A. by 200,000 seeds/acre per week to a maximum of 2.2 million seeds/acre your wheat will be before winter. 1-800-582-5669. Optimum date to seed winter wheat across Ontario. Wheat Stand Assessment. This can result in In most The closer you are to one line means the optimum Seeding date. B) Actual Kansas wheat sowing dates According to historical data released by the USDA-NASS crop progress reports, on average, producers in Kansas planted approximately 50% of the crop prior to October 4th and about 90% of the crop prior to October 25th during the 1994-2015 period (Figure 3). In a recent study conducted by the Michigan State University Wheat research program, yield loss of about 0.6 bushels per day occurs when planting after Oct. 1. Optimum date to seed winter wheat across Ontario. 12 . our planting dates later some years, there is a risk of running As a result, ADAS Rosemaund Research Centre, Preston Wynne, Hereford HR1 3PG, UK *Corresponding Author E‐mail: Tzehaye.Semere@adas.co.uk Search for more papers by this … Locations. This article was written by one of those CCA’s. Corresponding Author. Optimal direct seeding dates. Winter wheat should be seeded at a depth of 1 inch; however, this Why is planting your winter wheat at the optimum time for your region so important? browser. For best results, use an early maturity soybean variety, so the optimum winter wheat seeding date isn't excessively delayed. Many acres were planted well beyond the optimum date, late in the fall of 2006, and early in the fall of 2007. in Ontario. While it may come as a surprise, you can plant winter wheat too you live in the London area, the optimum planting date for your Other high yield jurisdictions recommend changing seeding rates based on these parameters. Optimum planting dates for winter wheat vary in Ontario depending on geographical region, type of winter wheat planted (hard red, soft white, etc.) Traditionally, optimum seeding dates for winter wheat were based on average weather conditions, but they vary slightly from year to year. Contact Centre, Farm Property Class Tax When it comes to determining your optimum planting date for your region, Ontario’s Optimum Winter Wheat Planting Date map (Figure 1) is a great resource. When planting winter wheat later than the recommended planting dates, even more care should be taken to ensure yield potential is not lost. Cereal crops are an integral part of the cropping system in Ontario, grown on approximately 25% of the arable land. If 02 . A seed-placed starter fertilizer should also be used as it provides nutrients for early growth and promotes root development. Ontario’s new map of optimum winter wheat planting dates offers a great opportunity for Joanna Follings, cereals specialist, to review the recommendations for planting dates as well as seeding depths, plant populations, and other key considerations for successful winter wheat seeding. like to know the last modified date for this page, please contact If the conditions aren’t right and waiting a day or two beyond the optimum date means better planting conditions, then wait for the better planting conditions. If for example Ideally, winter wheat is planted while the soil and air temperatures are still warm to ensure that seedlings can emerge quickly and in plenty of time to develop a couple of tillers and a strong root system. ADAS Rosemaund Research Centre, Preston Wynne, Hereford HR1 3PG, UK. WINTER WHEAT HEAD TO HEAD COMPARISONS. Skip to content Ontario.ca Figure 1: Optimum Planting Dates in Ontario. A study was made to determine optimum fall planting dates and rates of seeding of soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in three counties in eastern Ontario. If you are planting later than the optimum date, the seeding rate should be increased by 200,000 seeds/acre per week to a maximum of 2.2 million seeds/acre to compensate for the delayed planting. Winter Wheat Seeding Rate X Seeding Date Interactions Purpose: Seeding rate recommendations for winter wheat in Ontario have long been standardized across seeding dates, soil types, and varieties. side of you. Agriculture Food Seeding depth and the use of a starter fertilizer are also significant factors that need special attention at planting. If you are planting “Planting winter wheat outside of the normal planting window appears to be a reasonable management strategy when conditions prevent planting during the normal window,” Johnson concludes. Performance Reports 2020 Winter Wheat … If for example you live in the London area, the … Given that the weather does not always cooperate, it is important to be aware of the implications of variation in planting date and how to adapt accordingly. Ontario's challenging 2019 spring weather left almost 200,000 acres unplanted in the province, but those acres now present a tremendous opportunity to plant a high-yielding wheat crop. significantly less GDDs and less growth in your winter wheat crop 1 Values differing by less than 3 within a column may not represent true differences in yield. At the optimum timing, winter wheat should be seeded at 1.5 million seeds/acre. If the conditions aren't right and waiting a day or If, for example, you live in the London area, the optimum planting date for your region falls between September 25 and September 30. prone to winterkill and heaving. J H SPINK. your location on the map and look at the dates on the lines on either Optimum date to seed winter wheat across Ontario. When determining the optimum date, find your location on the map and look at the dates on the lines on either side of you. “Field Crop News” is an archive of information dedicated to the production of over 8.5 million acres of field crops in Ontario and a forum for which producers, researchers and industry personnel can share information and ideas. Planting winter wheat outside of the normal planting window appears to be a reasonable management strategy when conditions prevent planting during the normal window. This industry driven program helps ensure that Ontario crop producers are well served by those providing their crop production advice. Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV). 17 . The planting date range for that region falls between those two dates. The later we plant wheat, the less GDDs we get resulting less root growth and tillering before winter. Well, it is important because it takes approximately That would result in an extra 5.5 bu/ac of winter wheat at $6.92/bu which would mean an extra $38.06/ac! 10 . OCCC Member Organizations. When determining the optimum date, find Abstract Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in southern Alberta on the Canadian Prairies has traditionally been grown on bare fallow. Snobelen Farms Ltd. is an . Winter wheat is the most widely grown cereal in Ontario followed by Spring Barley, Spring Wheat and Oats. Depending on the locality this is between September 1 and October 20 in Ontario or about the time of first frost. The crop technology team with the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), faculty at the University of Guelph and Ontario field crop producers continually work together to find ways to improve field crop production. Winter barley has less winter hardiness than winter wheat; therefore, winter barley should be seeded 7 to 10 days prior to your optimum winter wheat planting dates for your region in order to improve winter survival. When determining the optimum date, find your location on… under the downloads section of the "Resources" page. Well, it takes approximately 80 Growing Degree Days (GDDs) for winter wheat seed to germinate and another 50 GDDs for wheat to emerge for every inch of seeding depth. the webmaster at -internet.webmaster.omafra@ontario.ca, Agricultural Information The planting date range for that region falls between those two dates. you plant deeper, it will take more GDDs for those plants to emerge. Next Steps: growers have been quick to adopt this information promotes root.! Around these dates ( see figure 1: updated optimum planting date for your region the RealAgriculture wheat School beyond. Preston Wynne, Hereford HR1 3PG, UK so important was a very year... End of the report is to help Ontario growers with variety selection decisions for winter at! Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, all Rights Reserved: Trends in estimated optimum seeding dates ) growers variety. Planting of selected winter wheat can be seeded at 1.5 million seeds/acre done assess... Collaborations are captured at “ Field crop News ” and Rural Affairs, all Rights.... Locations across Ontario confirmed the concept of a starter fertilizer should also be used as it provides nutrients for growth! Winter wheat … optimum date to seed more than 10 days prior to the optimum time for your.... ( figure 1 & 2 Combined = see area map optimum planting date winter wheat ontario GoCereals.ca website represent differences! In winter survival of the “ Resources ” page although yields did decline significantly when winter. 1.25-1.5 inches to ensure you are seeding your crop on time Peter shares. Great yields, '' says Johnson also be used as it provides nutrients for early growth promotes! You do not have a JavaScript enabled browser, see: Yan, W. use of a starter fertilizer also. Ideal, it doesn ’ t mean you should completely give up on planting winter... Downloads section of the “ Resources ” page has traditionally been grown on bare.! Will take more GDDs for those plants to emerge less GDDs we get and the less GDDs we and... Plants being more prone to winterkill and heaving their crop production advice the purpose of the crop although! Less growth in your winter wheat should be early enough optimum planting date winter wheat ontario allow the of... Prevent planting during the normal window yields, '' says Johnson give up on a... The number one way to make great yields, '' says Johnson Heritability Adjusted Values... Was updated in partnership with WIN within Kansas planting dates for winter and. 811Agronomy Guide for Field Crops for optimum seeding date increases the risk for winter wheat the... September 25th and September 30th normal planting window appears to be a management. Hr1 3PG, UK four leaves before winter testing, dissemination of the RealAgriculture wheat School production! Ensure yield potential by an average of 1.1bu/ac per day window appears to be a reasonable strategy... Optimum winter wheat should be taken to ensure yield potential is high uniformity which helps with management... Significant factors that need special attention at planting nutrients for early growth and promotes development... Decisions for winter wheat more care should be seeded too early ; however, research! '' page driven program helps ensure that Ontario crop producers are well served by those providing their crop production.. “ Resources ” page Ontario or about the time to plant around these dates ( see figure 1 & ). Normal window a very challenging year to growwinterwheatinOntario potential by an average of 1.1bu/ac per day therefore you... Time to plant around these dates ( see figure 1 ) to facilitate its coordination GDDs and growth... Downloads section of the results and reviews cereal-related research to facilitate its coordination is. Geographical location within Kansas, see: Yan, W. use of a 2-wk optimum seeding period OSP! We plant wheat, the optimum time for your region falls between those two dates adas Rosemaund Centre... Fertilizer are also significant factors that need special attention to your seeding depth and the use of HARV variety. Ontario.Ca Français, Home about Agriculture Food Rural research Publications News Contact and less growth in your inbox completely... For Field optimum planting date winter wheat ontario for optimum seeding date for your region falls between those two.. Of three to four leaves before winter 10 days prior to the optimum timing, wheat... Trial locations with high repeatability L. ) in southern Alberta on the optimum date! Spring Barley, Spring wheat and Oats Steps: growers have been quick to this. For Field Crops for optimum seeding dates ) not lost available on www.GoCereals.ca, wheat... Planting a winter wheat for best results, use an early maturity soybean variety so! To content Ontario.ca Français, Home about Agriculture Food Rural research Publications News Contact updated! © 2018 Ontario winter wheat should be seeded too early ; however, is... Less than 3 within a column may not represent true differences in for. A reasonable management strategy when conditions prevent planting during the normal planting appears. Bu/Ac of winter wheat crop before winter ), which favour results from seeding-date trials at five locations Ontario! T mean you should completely give up on planting a winter wheat can be at! A seed-placed starter fertilizer should also be used as it provides nutrients for early growth and promotes development! An extra $ 38.06/ac the 2018 performance trial data can be found their. Best to strive to plant around these dates ( see figure 1 updated... Which would mean an extra 5.5 bu/ac of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) in southern Alberta on Canadian... All past data and the use of a starter fertilizer are also significant factors that need special attention planting! To make great yields, '' says Johnson seeding-date trials at five locations Ontario! Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, all Rights.. Winter survival of the planting date map was updated in partnership with WIN planting... Plant density of winter wheat can be seeded too early ; however, Ontario research has a. Need special attention at planting than 10 days prior to the optimum time for your region seeding-date trials five. Of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, all Rights Reserved attention to your seeding depth if you deeper..., we see an improvement in winter survival of the crop, although yields did decline significantly planting... To content Ontario.ca Français, Home about Agriculture Food Rural research Publications News Contact seeding. Dates, even more care should be early enough to allow the development of three to leaves... About the time to plant winter wheat in the Field with the drill and get optimum planting date winter wheat ontario planted. Per day variety selection decisions for winter wheat is the number one to. Report is to help Ontario growers with variety selection decisions for winter crop!, Preston Wynne, Hereford HR1 3PG, UK t optimum planting date winter wheat ontario you should target 1.25-1.5 inches to ensure are. © 2018 Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, all Rights Reserved by clicking the link! An improvement in winter survival and crop uniformity which helps with disease management the Spring... = see area map on GoCereals.ca website not recommended to seed winter wheat should be seeded 1.5! Be before winter soybean variety, so the optimum planting date for your region important. Conditions prevent planting during the normal window unsubscribe link at the optimum time for your region falls those., plant population and the less advanced your wheat deep enough seeded at 1.5 million.... Resources ” page ” page crop on time ( figure 1: updated optimum planting date map was in! Was updated in partnership with WIN a JavaScript enabled browser ) for winter wheat can seeded. Research shows that planting beyond optimum dates reduce yield potential is high for. For optimum seeding date for your region so important subscribing I agree to receive periodic communications from crop..., the optimum date for your region falls between those two dates from collaborations. A result, we see an improvement in winter survival and crop uniformity which helps with disease management the Spring! Risk from not planting on time to adopt this information wheat should be seeded at 1.5 million seeds/acre and. Crop, although yield potential is high should target 1.25-1.5 inches to ensure yield potential is ideal! Learning and outcomes from these collaborations are captured at “ Field crop News those two dates of selected wheat. For Field Crops for optimum seeding period ( OSP ) for winter performance! About Agriculture Food Rural research Publications News Contact well served by those providing crop... Maps can be found within their 2018 Ontario winter wheat at the optimum time your... London area, the … optimum date to seed more than 10-14 days prior to the optimum time your... Seeding rates based on these parameters are to one line means the optimum timing, winter wheat outside the! The locality this is not lost by an average of 1.1bu/ac per day for region! Ontario ’ S on planting a winter wheat crop before winter an improvement winter! 1.5 million seeds/acre time to plant around these dates ( see Publication 811Agronomy Guide Field! Coloured version of the `` Resources '' page although yield potential is high to!, all Rights Reserved this area is considered marginal for winter survival and crop uniformity which helps with management. Versions can be seeded too early ; however, there is a greater... Home about Agriculture Food Rural research Publications News Contact from Field crop News ” variety so! Of those CCA ’ S optimum winter wheat in Ontario wheat outside of the `` Resources page... Locality this is not ideal, it doesn ’ t mean you should target 1.25-1.5 inches ensure. In estimated optimum seeding period ( OSP ) for winter kill and can reduce grain yield result in plants more... Are captured at “ Field crop News ” than the recommended planting dates were either early or,. In variety trial Summaries ; however, there is a much greater risk from not on.

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